The debate between so-called anti-cultists and supporters of new religious movements (NRMs) centres on the complex issues of freedom of belief and protection from harm. Supporters of NRMs contend that these groups offer legitimate spiritual paths and community, and that anti-cult movements can unfairly stigmatise and persecute minority religions. On the other hand, anti-cultists argue that their opposition is not to the religious or spiritual beliefs of NRMs, but rather to the coercive control and manipulative practices that some of these groups employ. They emphasise the importance of safeguarding individuals from psychological manipulation, undue influence, and exploitation, which can lead to significant harm and loss of autonomy.
In some circumstances, the debate gets turned into a childish name calling tiff. In one corner of the ring, the NRMs fling the phrase "anti-cultists" as a slur to their opponent, whilst on the other side of the ring, activists insist NRMS are "cults".
As I've discussed before (here, here, and here), there are are many nuances associated with the term cult, particularly in terms of the context in which it is used. Therefore, getting entangled in the debate of cults versus anti-cults missing the key issue: coercive control. I cannot speak for all those who receive the label anti-cultist, however, I can speak for myself in emphasising that I am not against the freedom of religious expression itself. If any group or organisation, religious or not, uses manipulation tactics on others, I believe this issue needs to be addressed.
Defining Coercive Control
Coercive control is a pattern of behaviour that seeks to dominate an individual through isolation, manipulation, and intimidation. It is a tactic often used in abusive relationships but is also a hallmark of cult behaviour. I created Renée's Cult Ranking (RCR) system to help others identify contributing factors to coercive control. In brief it involves:
Isolation: Cutting off the victim from friends, family, and outside influences.
Manipulation of Information: Controlling what information the victim receives to shape their reality.
Intimidation and Threats: Using fear to maintain dominance.
Surveillance: Keeping constant watch over the victim’s actions and communications.
Enforced Dependency: Making the victim reliant on the group for their needs and sense of identity.
Coercive Control in Australian Cults
Cults use coercive control to recruit, indoctrinate, and retain members. This can be seen in various settings, from religious organisations to self-help groups. The focus is not on the specific beliefs but on the methods used to enforce conformity and obedience.
Examples of Cults Using Coercive Control in Australia
Jesus Morning Star (JMS): This group, founded by Jung Myung Seok, has been involved in numerous allegations of sexual exploitation and psychological manipulation. In Australia, JMS targeted young women, grooming them and coercing them into abusive situations under the guise of religious salvation.
The Twelve Tribes: Known for its communal lifestyle, the Twelve Tribes has faced accusations of child labor, physical abuse, and strict control over members' lives. In Australia, former members have spoken out about the intense pressure to conform and the severe punishments for disobedience.
Scientology: This well-known organisation has a significant presence in Australia. Scientology has been criticised for its aggressive recruitment tactics, financial exploitation, and use of fear and intimidation to control members. The church's practice of "disconnecting" members from family and friends who are critical of the organisation is a clear example of coercive control.
Accountability Beyond Religion
The focus on coercive control means that any group—religious or otherwise—should be scrutinised and held accountable if they employ such tactics. This includes political movements, therapy groups, and even some businesses. The damage caused by coercive control is profound, often leading to long-term psychological harm.
Legal and Social Accountability
Governments and societies must recognise the signs of coercive control and implement measures to protect individuals. This includes:
Legal Frameworks: Laws should address psychological manipulation and coercive control, not just physical abuse.
Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the signs of coercive control and how to seek help.
Support Systems: Providing resources for individuals to escape and recover from coercive environments.
Cults are Not Just Religious Groups
Cults are not just religious groups, nor can they defined by their size or specific beliefs; it is by their use of coercive control to dominate and manipulate members. Recognising and addressing this form of abuse is crucial for protecting individuals and holding such groups accountable. Whether a small religious sect or a large corporate entity, any group using coercive control should face scrutiny and consequences for their actions.
By understanding the true nature of cults and the damage they cause, we can better protect those at risk and ensure that no group, regardless of its size or ideology, can exploit individuals without accountability.
Further Reading
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